HighSeed

Theiler, Max

2005-03-30T18:41:00.000-08:00

Theiler received his medical training at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, graduating in 1922. In that year he joined the department

Aum Shinrikyo

2005-03-30T15:45:00.000-08:00

AUM emerged out of Asahara's dissatisfaction

Jacobsen, Jens Peter

2005-03-29T20:49:00.000-08:00

The son of a Jutland merchant, Jacobsen was a student of the natural sciences. He became a follower of Charles Darwin and translated into Danish both On the Origin of Species, in 1871–73, and The Descent

Irminger Current

2005-03-28T19:36:00.000-08:00

Branch of the warm North Atlantic Current, flowing generally westward along the south coast of Iceland. It divides into two currents west of Iceland. One proceeds northward and then eastward around Iceland, and the other flows westward and then southwestward, merging with the East Greenland and, eventually, the West Greenland currents. The Irminger Current is a

Furo

2005-03-27T20:13:00.000-08:00

Japanese-style bath, typically using water heated to 110° F (43.3° C) or hotter. It is claimed that, because the bather may linger in the wooden or metal tub, the furo may have properties for the therapeutic relaxation of tensions. To achieve cleanliness, the bather washes before entering the tub. In bathrooms in private Japanese homes and in public bathhouses, the bathing facilities

Zakarpattya

2005-03-27T00:41:00.000-08:00

Russian Zakarpatskaya, also spelled Zakarpatskaia, or Zakarpatskaja, oblast (province), western Ukraine. It is bounded by Slovakia and Hungary on the west, Poland on the northwest, and Romania on the south. The oblast extends from the northwest-southeast–trending Carpathian Mountain crestline (the Verkhovyna and Gorgany ranges, respectively), across the successive parallel Polonina and Vulhanichnyy ranges, and southwestward down

Allen, Phog

2005-03-26T00:59:00.000-08:00

Allen succeeded James Naismith, who created the sport, as basketball coach in 1908–09 at the University of Kansas, Lawrence. Allen's Kansas teams of 1920–56 won 771 games and lost 233; his 1951–52 Kansas team won the championship of the National Collegiate Athletic

Benda, Frantiek

2005-03-26T00:25:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of Jan Jirí Benda and his wife Dorota Brixi, both talented musicians, Benda studied under Johann Gottlieb Graun and joined the orchestra of Frederick II the Great (then crown prince). On Frederick's accession (1740) to the Prussian

Zodiac

2005-03-24T15:14:00.000-08:00

In astronomy and astrology, a belt around the heavens extending 9° on either side of the ecliptic, the plane of the earth's orbit and of the sun's apparent annual path. The orbits of the moon and of the principal planets (except Pluto) also lie entirely within the zodiac. The 12 astrological signs of the zodiac are each considered to occupy 1/12 (or 30°) of its great circle. These signs no

Turban

2005-03-24T01:07:00.000-08:00

Early Persians wore a conical cap sometimes encircled by bands of cloth, which perhaps may be considered one of the origins of the turban. The turban did not become common among the Turks, however, until after the capture of Constantinople in 1453, when the Ottoman sultan

Steppe, The

2005-03-23T08:55:00.000-08:00

The military advantages of nomadism became apparent even before the speed and strength of horses had been fully harnessed for military purposes. The early conquests of Sargon of Akkad (c. 2250 BC) and the Amorite invasions of Mesopotamia before 1800 BC attest to the superior force that nomadic or seminomadic peoples held, but the full effect of their military strength came with

Draft Riot Of 1863

2005-03-22T03:53:00.000-08:00

Major four-day eruption of violence in New York City resulting from deep worker discontent with the inequities of conscription during the U.S. Civil War. Although labouring people in general supported the Northern war effort, they had no voice in Republican policy and occasionally deserted from the army or refused reenlistment. Because of their low wages, often

Saint Albans

2005-03-21T23:04:00.000-08:00

A British town was established on the west bank of the Ver in the 1st century BCE, and subsequently the Romans built their town of Verulamium on the site. In 61 CE the town was sacked by Queen Boudicca. Sections of the town wall dating

Taewon-gun

2005-03-21T00:08:00.000-08:00

As regent from 1864 to 1873, Taewon-gun inaugurated a far-ranging reform program to strengthen the central administration; he modernized and increased its armies and rationalized the administration. Opposed to any concessions to Japan or the West, Taewon-gun, though out of power, helped organize the anti-Japanese outbreak in 1882. Considered a troublemaker,

Fabales

2005-03-20T14:18:00.000-08:00

O.N. Allen and Ethel K. Allen, The Leguminosae: A Source Book of Characteristics, Uses, and Nodulation (1981), a descriptive summary, with an alphabetical listing of legume genera; J.B. Harborne, D. Boulter, and B.L. Turner (eds.), Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae (1971); R.M. Polhill and P.H. Raven (eds.), Advances in Legume Systematics (1981– ), an updated evolutionary classification of the Fabales; R.J. Summerfield and A.L. Bunting (eds.), Advances in Legume Science (1980); C.H. Stirton and J.L. Zarucchi (eds.), Advances in Legume Biology (1989); James A. Duke, Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance (1981), also with an alphabetical listing of genera; D. Isely, “Leguminosae and Homo sapiens,” Economic Botany, 36(1):46–70 (1982), a succinct summary of the contributions of legumes to human welfare; National Research Council (U.S.), Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation, Tropical Legumes: Resources for the Future (1979), a descriptive listing of utilized but undeveloped tropical legumes; J. Smartt, Tropical Pulses (1976); Harold J. Evans (ed.), Enhancing Biological Nitrogen Fixation (1975); J.R. Postgate, The Fundamentals of Nitrogen Fixation (1982); R.O.D. Dixon and C.T. Wheeler, Nitrogen Fixation in Plants (1986); J.M. Vincent (ed.), Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes (1982); W.J. Broughton (ed.), Nitrogen Fixation, vol. 3, Legumes (1982); J. Smartt, Grain Legumes: Evolution and Genetic Resources (1990); A. Geoffrey Norman (ed.), Soybean Physiology, Agronomy, and Utilization (1978); C. Webb and G. Hawtin (eds.), Lentils (1981).

Calculus

2005-03-19T23:06:00.000-08:00

Branch of mathematical analysis concerned with the rates of change of continuous functions as their arguments change. Two men are now credited with discovering calculus, Sir Isaac Newton of England and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz of Germany. For almost a century, development of the subject was inhibited by a bitter controversy over priority between supporters

Catalonia

2005-03-19T05:51:00.000-08:00

Spanish Cataluña , Catalan Catalunya comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) and historic region of Spain encompassing the northeastern Spanish provincias of Gerona, Barcelona, Tarragona, and Lérida and established by the statute of autonomy of Dec. 18, 1979. The autonomous community of Catalonia, which has an area of 12,328 square miles (31,930 square km), is the richest and most highly industrialized part of Spain. The

Amphora

2005-03-18T23:17:00.000-08:00

One of the principal vessel shapes in Greek pottery, a two-handled pot with a neck narrower than the body. There are two types of amphora: the neck amphora, in which the neck meets the body at a sharp angle; and the one-piece amphora, in which the neck and body form a continuous curve. The first is common from the Geometric period (c. 900 BC) to the decline of Greek pottery; the second appeared

'ayyar

2005-03-18T10:36:00.000-08:00

Though 'ayyarun were found fighting for Islam on the frontiers of inner Asia, the most thorough documentation of these warriors describes their activities in Baghdad in the 10th–12th century, a picture that may not be typical of 'ayy

Ligase

2005-03-18T09:56:00.000-08:00

Also called Synthetase any one of a class of about 50 enzymes that catalyze reactions involving the conservation of chemical energy and provide a couple between energy-demanding synthetic processes and energy-yielding breakdown reactions. They catalyze the joining of two molecules, deriving the needed energy from the cleavage of an energy-rich phosphate bond (in many cases, by the simultaneous

Polidoúri, Maria

2005-03-17T18:47:00.000-08:00

Her two books of poems

Mesopotamia, History Of, Literary and other historical sources

2005-03-16T08:16:00.000-08:00

The picture offered by the literary tradition of Mesopotamia is clearer but not necessarily historically relevant. The Sumerian king list has long been the greatest focus of interest. This is a literary composition, dating from Old Babylonian times, that describes kingship (nam-lugal in Sumerian) in Mesopotamia from primeval times to the end of the 1st dynasty of

Plymouth

2005-03-15T20:59:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1836) of Marshall county, northern Indiana, U.S., 23 mi (37 km) south of South Bend. Founded in 1834 and apparently named for Plymouth, Mass., it is near the site of the area's last Potawatomi Indian village from where, in 1838, more than 800 Indians were dispossessed and moved to a reservation on the Osage River in Kansas. Many of them died of malaria before reaching their destination. Plymouth

Pavane

2005-03-15T16:36:00.000-08:00

(probably from Italian padovana, “Paduan”), majestic processional dance of the 16th- and 17th-century European aristocracy. Until about 1650 the pavane opened ceremonial balls and was used as a display of elegant dress. Adapted from the basse danse, an earlier court dance, the pavane presumably traveled from Italy to France and England by way of Spain; in southern

Bulandshahr

2005-03-15T05:09:00.000-08:00

The surrounding area comprises a level region between

Catamarca

2005-03-14T15:07:00.000-08:00

The region constituted part of

Eames, Emma

2005-03-14T01:34:00.000-08:00

Eames was the daughter of a lawyer in the international courts system. She studied voice for four years in Boston, then with Mathilde Marchesi in Paris. Selected by Charles Gounod to sing Juliette in his Romé

Devo

2005-03-13T15:52:00.000-08:00

Formed

Shensi, Agriculture

2005-03-13T06:55:00.000-08:00

The southern part of the province forms a portion of the southwestern highland and basin area, which is characterized by double-cropping, wet-field agriculture, and forestry production. Most of the cultivated land is below 3,000 feet. The Han-chung Basin grows rice intensively, followed by winter wheat, but in the mountain zones of the T'ai-pai and Tsinling ranges the main

Gracias

2005-03-12T22:11:00.000-08:00

City, southwestern Honduras. It lies in the valley of the Mejocote River, at the foot of Las Minas Hill in the Celaque Mountains. Founded in 1536, it is one of the oldest cities in Honduras. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was a major mining and administrative centre, but it declined in the 18th century. Destroyed in 1915 by an earthquake, it has been rebuilt. Gracias is now the commercial

Xochiquetzal

2005-03-11T13:54:00.000-08:00

(Nahuatl: “Precious Feather Flower”), Aztec goddess of beauty, sexual love, and household arts. She is also associated with flowers and plants and, in myth, came from Tamoanchán, the verdant paradise of the west. Originally wife of Tlaloc, the rain god, she was abducted for her beauty by Tezcatlipoca, the malevolent god of night, who enthroned her as goddess of love. In some areas

Koriyama

2005-03-10T18:33:00.000-08:00

City, Fukushima Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, located at the junction of the Tohoku Line and the Ban-etsu Line (railways), north-northeast of Tokyo. It developed as an industrial and communications centre, producing textiles, chemicals, and machinery. Power is generated with coal from the nearby Joban coalfield and by hydroelectric plants on the Nippashi-gawa (Nippashi

Earth, Magnetohydrodynamic wavesmagnetic pulsations

2005-03-10T07:42:00.000-08:00

A major source of variations in the Earth's magnetic field is magnetohydrodynamic waves. These waves originate in the outer magnetic field and propagate along field lines to the Earth's surface. On reaching the surface they cause minute oscillations in the magnetic field (hence their older name, micropulsations). These waves typically have amplitudes ranging

Dehydration

2005-03-09T08:04:00.000-08:00

Dehydration may be caused by restriction of water

Byzantine Empire

2005-03-09T07:24:00.000-08:00

The very name Byzantine illustrates the misconceptions to which the empire's history has often been subject, for its inhabitants would hardly have considered the term

Peter The Apostle, Saint

2005-03-09T04:46:00.000-08:00

Original name Simeon, or Simon disciple of Jesus Christ, recognized in the early Christian church as the leader of the disciples and by the Roman Catholic church as the first of its unbroken succession of popes. Peter, a fisherman, was called to be a disciple of Jesus at the beginning of his ministry. He received from Jesus the name Cephas (i.e., Rock, hence Peter, from the Latin petra).

Thelon River

2005-03-07T10:49:00.000-08:00

Stream in eastern Fort Smith region, Northwest Territories, and central Keewatin region, Nunavut territory, Canada. It drains a major portion of the Barren Grounds (a sub-Arctic prairie region). Arising from several lakes, including Whitefish and Lynx, east of Great Slave Lake, the river flows through Thelon Wildlife Sanctuary (where there are musk-oxen) in an easterly

Computers, From Star Trek to Microsoft

2005-03-07T09:51:00.000-08:00

The first programs developed for the hobbyists' microcomputers were games. With the early machines limited in graphic capabilities, most of these were text-based adventure or role-playing games. However, there were a few graphical games, such as Star Trek, which were popular on mainframes and minicomputers and were converted to run on microcomputers. One company

Peter The Apostle, Saint

2005-03-07T02:26:00.000-08:00

Also called Steller's sea cow very large aquatic mammal, now extinct, that once inhabited nearshore areas of the Komandor Islands in the Bering Sea. Steller's sea cows were wiped out by hunters in the 18th century less than 30 years after they were first discovered by Arctic explorers. Today, the term sea cow is sometimes used to refer to other sirenians, namely, the manatee and the

Metallgesellschaft Ag

2005-03-06T02:29:00.000-08:00

Established in 1881 by Wilhelm Merton (1848–1916), the company originally confined its activities

Aurangabad

2005-03-06T00:57:00.000-08:00

Town, west-central Maharashtra state, western India, on the Kaum River. Originally known as Khadki, it was founded by Malik Ambar in 1610. Its name was changed by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who built the Bibika Makbara tomb, an imitation of the Taj Mahal, near the town. Aurangabad remained the headquarters of the independent Nizams, but it declined when the capital was moved

Bohol

2005-03-05T15:08:00.000-08:00

Island, Visayan group, south-central Philippines. Roughly oval in shape, the island has an area of 1,492 square miles (3,865 square km) and lies between the Camotes Sea (north) and the Bohol Sea (south). Its volcanic core is mostly covered with coralline limestone. The rivers are short, and there are few good anchorages. Settlement is mainly coastal, except for a low central plateau that

Amritsar, Treaty Of

2005-03-05T05:55:00.000-08:00

(April 25, 1809), pact concluded between Charles T. Metcalfe, representing the British East India Company, and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab (Pañjab); it settled Indo-Sikh relations for a generation. The immediate occasion was the French threat to northwestern India, following Napoleon's Treaty of Tilsit with Russia (1807) and Ranjit's attempt to bring the Cis-Sutlej

Wells, Horace

2005-03-05T05:40:00.000-08:00

While practicing in Hartford, Conn., in 1844, Wells noted the pain-killing properties of nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”) during a laughing-gas road show and thereafter used it in performing painless dental operations. He was allowed to demonstrate the method at the Massachusetts

Robert Ii

2005-03-03T19:11:00.000-08:00

The son of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, and Adelaide of Aquitaine, Robert was educated at the episcopal school of Reims under Gerbert of Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II. Soon after his own coronation (July 987), Hugh prudently arranged the election and coronation (December 987) of

Shamanism, Differences in quality and degree

2005-03-03T07:28:00.000-08:00

Shamans differ greatly in quality and in degree. Difference of quality is manifest in the kind of spirits the shaman communicates with. “White” shamans, for example, apply to a benevolent deity and the good spirits, while “black” shamans call on a wicked deity and the wicked spirits. The difference in degree is exemplified in the belief, of the Sakha (Yakut) people of northeastern

Monsignor

2005-03-03T06:17:00.000-08:00

Italian Monsignore, a title of honour in the Roman Catholic Church, borne by persons of ecclesiastic rank and implying a distinction bestowed by the pope, either in conjunction with an office or merely titular. All those who bear the title of monsignor belong to the “papal family” and are entitled to be present in the Cappella Pontificia (when the pope celebrates solemn mass) and to participate

Arnim, Hans Georg Von

2005-03-03T03:45:00.000-08:00

Soldier and statesman prominent in German affairs during the Thirty Years' War. He served (1613–17) with the Swedes under Gustaf II Adolf, with the Poles (1621), with Wallenstein's imperial army (1626) as a field marshal, and with the Saxons (1631–35, 1638–41). A strict Lutheran, Arnim resigned his imperial commission in protest against the Edict

Korea, South

2005-03-02T10:47:00.000-08:00

Officially Republic of Korea , Korean Taehan Min'guk country in East Asia. It occupies the southern portion of the Korean peninsula. The country is bordered by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) to the north, the East Sea (Sea of Japan) to the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west; to the southeast it is separated from the Japanese island of Tsushima by the Korea Strait. South Korea

Heschel, Abraham Joshua

2005-03-01T18:54:00.000-08:00

After a traditional Jewish education, Heschel went on to higher studies

Botanical Garden

2005-03-01T07:49:00.000-08:00

German Botanischer Garten, botanical garden founded in 1914 by the German botanist Karl von Goebel in Munich. The garden's vast array of greenhouses, completed in 1958, includes 17 for display and 8 for service functions. The palm house is particularly notable. Other significant greenhouse collections are composed of alpine plants, insectivorous plants, cacti, African succulents, Crassula, and Mesembryanthemeae.

Hebrew Literature

2005-02-28T22:01:00.000-08:00

In the 18th century the conservative mystical movement of Hasidism spread rapidly over all eastern Europe except Lithuania. There, Elijah ben Solomon of Vilna, a writer of unusually wide scope, advocated a better graded course of Talmudic training. Shneur Zalman of Ladi created the highly systematized Habad Hasidism, which was widely accepted in Lithuania. The Musar

Fairbairn, Sir William, 1st Baronet

2005-02-28T09:45:00.000-08:00

From 1817 to 1832 he was a millwright at Manchester, in partnership with James Lillie. In 1835 he established a shipbuilding yard at Millwall, London,

Rio De Janeiro

2005-02-27T21:37:00.000-08:00

The name was given to the city's original site by Portuguese navigators who arrived at the port on Jan. 1, 1502, and mistook the entrance of the bay for the mouth of a river (rio is the Portuguese word for “river” and janeiro

Madison

2005-02-27T19:45:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Lake county, southeastern South Dakota, U.S. It began in 1873 as a trading post for gold-seeking pioneers and was named Madison because its interlake setting resembled that of Madison, Wis. It was relocated 4 miles (6 km) west to its present site when it merged with Herman Village. Dakota State University was founded there in 1881 as General Beadle State Teachers College.

Plum

2005-02-27T03:35:00.000-08:00

Fruit of the genus Prunus of the rose family (Rosaceae). Like the peach and cherry, it is a stone, or drupe, fruit. Trees of some plum species reach a height from 6 to 10 metres (20 to 33 feet), while others are much smaller; some species are small shrubs with drooping branches. The flower buds on most varieties are borne on short spurs or along the terminal shoots of the main branches. Each

Arnauld, Jeanne-catherine-agnès

2005-02-26T18:19:00.000-08:00

Like her older sister, the abbess Mère Angélique (Jacqueline-Marie-Angélique Arnauld), Jeanne Arnauld entered the cloister at an early age. From 1630 to 1636 she governed the

Pueblo

2005-02-25T01:54:00.000-08:00

The pueblo was constructed by stacking large adobe blocks, sun-dried and made from clay and water, usually measuring

Zacapú

2005-02-24T14:23:00.000-08:00

In full Zacapú De Mier, city, north-central Michoacán estado (“state”), west-central Mexico. It is in the Sierra de Nahuatzén, 6,500 feet (1,980 m) above sea level and west of Morelia, the state capital. Agriculture and livestock raising are the principal sources of income, the main crops being wheat, beans, and especially corn (maize). The remains of several Tarascan Indian buildings are nearby. The Heroica

John Bartholomew And Son

2005-02-24T10:35:00.000-08:00

Mapmaking and publishing company of the United Kingdom, located in Edinburgh and specializing in the use of hypsometric (layer) colouring in relief maps. The company was established in 1826 by John Bartholomew. It originally published such diverse items as checkbooks, election literature, and maps. In 1856 his son John George Bartholomew (1831–93), the well-known Scottish cartographer,

Margaret Of Austria

2005-02-23T22:00:00.000-08:00

The daughter of the Habsburg archduke Maximilian (later the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I) and his consort, Mary, duchess of Burgundy, Margaret was first betrothed

China, Japanese aggression

2005-02-23T21:24:00.000-08:00

In September 1931 a group of officers in the Kwantung Army set in motion a plot to compel the Japanese government to extend its power in Manchuria. The Japanese government was drawn, step by step, into the conquest of Manchuria and the creation of a regime known as Manchukuo. China was unable to prevent Japan from seizing this vital area. In 1934, after long negotiations, Japan

All-england Championships

2005-02-23T14:24:00.000-08:00

Byname Wimbledon Championships, internationally known lawn tennis championships played annually in London at Wimbledon (q.v.).

Coleridge, (david) Hartley

2005-02-22T13:01:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, he spent his childhood alarming and delighting his family and the Southeys and Wordsworths by his mental agility and the “exquisite wildness” that caused

Heilbronn

2005-02-21T21:00:00.000-08:00

City, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies along the Neckar River and is surrounded by vineyards and the Swabian Forest. Built on the site of an old Roman settlement, it was first mentioned in 741, and the Carolingian princes had a palace there. Heilbronn was created a free imperial city in 1281. Its name—originally Heiligbronn, or “holy spring”—refers to

Ahankara

2005-02-21T14:19:00.000-08:00

Ahankara follows the stage of buddhi (intelligence, or perception), in which the purusha (soul, or self)—once in a state of pure consciousness, i.e., without an object

Aethelfrith

2005-02-21T05:59:00.000-08:00

Fargo

2005-02-20T22:32:00.000-08:00

Seat (1873) of Cass county and the largest city of North Dakota, U.S., on the Red River of the North, opposite Moorhead, Minn. Founded in 1871 by the Northern Pacific Railway, it served as an outfitting post for settlers, with its rail, steamboat, and stagecoach facilities. It was named for William George Fargo (of Wells, Fargo & Company), a pioneer in the shipment of goods by express. The development

Radha

2005-02-20T04:23:00.000-08:00

The allegorical

Macdonough, Thomas

2005-02-19T19:39:00.000-08:00

Entering the navy as a midshipman in 1800, Macdonough saw service during the U.S. war with Tripoli (1801–05). When war broke out with England, his major assignment

China, Internal migration

2005-02-19T18:23:00.000-08:00

Migrations have occurred often throughout the history of China. Sometimes they took place because a famine or political disturbance would cause the depopulation of an area already intensively cultivated, after which people in adjacent crowded regions would move in to occupy the deserted land. Sometime between 1640 and 1646 a peasant rebellion broke out in Szechwan,

Romanus

2005-02-18T17:50:00.000-08:00

Romanus was a cardinal when elected pope in August amidst the chaotic aftermath of Pope Stephen VI's murder. For exhuming and desecrating Pope Formosus' corpse and annulling his pontificate in the “Cadaver Synod,” Stephen had been imprisoned and probably strangled by Formosus' supporters,

Rose Of Lima, Saint

2005-02-17T21:39:00.000-08:00

Born into a wealthy family, Rosa (the name by which she was always known) was drawn to penitential practices and a spiritual

Turing, Alan M.

2005-02-17T17:03:00.000-08:00

In full Alan Mathison Turing British mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, and biology and to the new areas later named computer science, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.

Oberhausen

2005-02-17T02:19:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It is situated on the Rhine-Herne-Kanal, within the densely developed Ruhr industrial belt, and it adjoins Essen (east), Mülheim (south), and Duisberg (southwest). Oberhausen is an important rail junction, and the city also has good autobahn connections with The Netherlands. It is the centre of a network of lines radiating

Boise State University

2005-02-16T23:20:00.000-08:00

Public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Boise, Idaho, U.S. The university comprises eight colleges, including the Larry G. Selland College of Applied Technology, which provides applied science degrees in fields such as information technology, horticulture, and culinary arts. Boise State University offers a range of associate and bachelor's degree

Mauritania, Climate

2005-02-16T10:31:00.000-08:00

The climate owes its aridity to the northeastern trade winds, which blow constantly in the north and throughout most of the year in the rest of the country; the drying effect produced by these winds is increased by the harmattan, or east wind. With the exception of the few winter rains that occur as a result of climatic disturbances originating in the mid-latitude regions,

Ma-an-shan

2005-02-16T09:31:00.000-08:00

The region along the southern bank of the Yangtze between Ma-an-shan and T'ung-ling (about

Ibrahim

2005-02-14T13:19:00.000-08:00

Early in his reign under the guidance of the able but ambitious grand vizier Kemankes Kara Mustafa

Denis, Saint

2005-02-14T00:03:00.000-08:00

According to St. Gregory of Tours's 6th-century Historia Francorum, Denis was one of seven bishops sent to Gaul to convert the people in the reign of the Roman emperor Decius. Little is known of his life; it is believed that he was martyred

Danielsson, Anders

2005-02-13T20:07:00.000-08:00

Danielsson was elected to the peasant chamber of the Riksdag (Parliament) in 1809. At the height of his career he came to represent 27 districts in that body, a unique achievement in Swedish parliamentary history. The peasant program for which he fought included such points as reduced military

Armlet

2005-02-13T05:10:00.000-08:00

Several fine examples of armlets are included in the Oxus treasure, a collection of Persian

Bustamante Y Sirvén, Antonio Sánchez De

2005-02-13T04:42:00.000-08:00

In 1884, when he was 19 years

Ha

2005-02-12T08:07:00.000-08:00

Also called Abaha, or Waha, a Bantu-speaking people belonging to the Interlacustrine Bantu ethnolinguistic family who live in western Tanzania bordering on Lake Tanganyika. Their country, which they call Buha, comprises grasslands and open woodlands. Agriculture is their primary economic activity. Sorghum, millet, corn (maize), cassava, yams, peanuts (groundnuts), and other crops were cultivated

Midas

2005-02-12T01:45:00.000-08:00

King of Phrygia (an ancient district in west-central Anatolia), first mentioned in extant Greek literature by Herodotus as having dedicated a throne at Delphi, before Gyges—i.e., before or little after 700 BC. Later reports that he married a daughter of Agamemnon, king of Aeolic Cyme, and that Midas, or Midacritus (a Greek sailor named for his royal patron?), traded with a western

France, History Of, The Roman conquest

2005-02-11T08:46:00.000-08:00

In the 2nd century BC Rome intervened on the side of Massilia in its struggle against the tribes of the hinterland, its main aim being the protection of the route from Italy to its new possessions in Spain. The result was the formation, in 121 BC, of “The Province” (Provincia, whence Provence), an area spanning from the Mediterranean to Lake Geneva, with its capital at Narbo (Narbonne).

Biblical Literature, The DouaiReims Bible

2005-02-09T20:57:00.000-08:00

The Roman Catholics addressed themselves affirmatively to the same problem faced by the Anglican Church: a Bible in the vernacular. The initiator of the first such attempt was Cardinal Allen of Reims (in France), although the burden of the work fell to Gregory Martin, professor of Hebrew at Douai. The New Testament appeared in 1582, but the Old Testament, delayed by lack of

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike

2005-02-09T18:43:00.000-08:00

From 1871 until 1873 Kamerlingh Onnes studied and worked at Heidelberg

San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane

2005-02-09T15:28:00.000-08:00

Also called San Carlino, influential Baroque church in Rome that was designed by Francesco Borromini. It was commissioned in 1634 and was built during 1638–41, except for the tall facade, which was added in about 1667. Built to fit in a cramped and difficult site, the church has an unusual and somewhat irregular floor plan in the shape of a Greek cross defined by convex curves. The facade is similarly undulating

Folengo, Teofilo

2005-02-09T05:45:00.000-08:00

Folengo entered the Benedictine order as a young man, taking the name Teofilo by which he is known. He lived in the monasteries of Brescia, Mantua,

Biblical Literature, The conquest of Canaan

2005-02-07T19:34:00.000-08:00

As told by the Deuteronomist, the conquest of Canaan by Joshua and the Israelite tribes was swift and decisive. No conquest of central Canaan (in the region of Shechem), however, is mentioned in the book; and some scholars interpret this to mean that the central hill country was already occupied either by ancestors of the later Israelite tribes prior to the time of Moses

Brân

2005-02-07T17:59:00.000-08:00

(Celtic: “Raven”), gigantic Celtic deity who figured in the Mabinogion (a collection of medieval Welsh tales) as “crowned king over this Island” (i.e., Britain). Because of his stature, he and his court had to live in a tent, as no house had ever been built large enough to contain him. The most important aspect of Brân's myth concerned his wondrous severed head. The ancient Celts worshiped

Tz'u-hsi

2005-02-07T13:07:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Cixi, also called (Wade–Giles romanization) Hsiao-ch'in, or Hsien Huang-hou, byname Empress Dowager consort of the Hsien-feng emperor (reigned 1850–61), mother of the T'ung-chih emperor (reigned 1861–75), and adoptive mother of the Kuang-hsü emperor (reigned 1875–1908), who dominated the Chinese empire for almost half a century. Ruling through a clique of conservative, corrupt officials, she maintained an iron grip over the Manchu Imperial house (Ch'ing dynasty, 1644–1911/12), becoming one

Graham, Jorie

2005-02-06T20:57:00.000-08:00

Graham grew up in France and Italy. After attending the Sorbonne, she continued her education at New York University (B.F.A., 1973) and at the University of Iowa (M.F.A., 1978). She taught in Kentucky, California, and New York City before returning

Paper Chromatography

2005-02-06T03:52:00.000-08:00

The method consists of applying the test solution or sample as a spot near one corner of a sheet of

World War Ii, The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 194245

2005-02-05T15:05:00.000-08:00

The year 1942 was, on the whole, a favourable one for the German U-boats. First, the U.S. entry into the war entitled them to infest the U.S. coast of the North Atlantic; and it was not until the middle of the year that the Allies' introduction of the convoy system from the Caribbean northward constrained the raiders to go so far afield as the waters between Brazil and West Africa. Second,

Athanasius, Saint

2005-02-05T09:19:00.000-08:00

The great Benedictine edition of the works of Athanasius (1698), reprinted in J.P. Migne, Patrologia Graeca, vol. 25–28 (1857), is being replaced by that begun by H.G. Opitz (Athanasius Werke) in 1934; major works are translated in the “Post-Nicene Fathers,” Series 2, vol. 4, Select Writings and Letters of Athanasius (1892)—the “Prolegomena” to this volume by A. Robertson remains the most complete life. For later discoveries and studies, see H.I. Bell (ed.), Jews and Christians in Egypt (1924); and the brilliant summary by F.L. Cross, The Study of St. Athanasius (1945). There are useful sketches in G.L. Prestige, Fathers and Heretics (1940, reprinted 1963); and in R.W. Thomson's edition of Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione (1971). For further references, see E.R. Hardy (ed.), Christology of the Later Fathers (1954); and J. Quasten, Patrology, vol. 3, pp. 20–79 (1960).

Amblygonite

2005-02-04T15:20:00.000-08:00

Phosphate mineral composed of lithium, sodium, and aluminum phosphate [(Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH)], that is an ore of lithium. It occurs in lithium- and phosphate-rich granitic pegmatites, often in very large, white, translucent masses. It has been mined at Keystone, S.D., and in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and several other countries. Clear material from Hebron, Maine, has been faceted as a gemstone.

Egypt, The Valley

2005-02-04T08:50:00.000-08:00

The cultivated portion of the Nile Valley between Cairo and Aswan varies from five to 10 miles in width, although there are places where it narrows to a few hundred yards and others where it broadens to 14 miles. Since the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970, the 2,500,000-acre valley has been under perennial irrigation. The inhabitants of the Valley from Cairo up to Aswan muhafazah are referred

Masaccio

2005-02-04T05:07:00.000-08:00

Byname of Tommaso Di Giovanni Di Simone Guidi important Florentine painter of the early Renaissance whose frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel of the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence (c. 1427) remained influential throughout the Renaissance. In the span of only six years, Masaccio radically transformed Florentine painting.

HighSeed

Theiler, Max

Aum Shinrikyo

Jacobsen, Jens Peter

Irminger Current

Furo

Zakarpattya

Allen, Phog

Benda, Frantiek

Zodiac

Turban

Steppe, The

Draft Riot Of 1863

Saint Albans

Taewon-gun

Fabales

Calculus

Catalonia

Amphora

'ayyar

Ligase

Polidoúri, Maria

Mesopotamia, History Of, Literary and other historical sources

Plymouth

Pavane

Bulandshahr

Catamarca

Eames, Emma

Devo

Shensi, Agriculture

Gracias

Xochiquetzal

Koriyama

Earth, Magnetohydrodynamic wavesmagnetic pulsations

Dehydration

Byzantine Empire

Peter The Apostle, Saint

Thelon River

Computers, From Star Trek to Microsoft

Peter The Apostle, Saint

Metallgesellschaft Ag

Aurangabad

Bohol

Amritsar, Treaty Of

Wells, Horace

Robert Ii

Shamanism, Differences in quality and degree

Monsignor

Arnim, Hans Georg Von

Korea, South

Heschel, Abraham Joshua

Botanical Garden

Hebrew Literature

Fairbairn, Sir William, 1st Baronet

Rio De Janeiro

Madison

Plum

Arnauld, Jeanne-catherine-agnès

Pueblo

Zacapú

John Bartholomew And Son

Margaret Of Austria

China, Japanese aggression

All-england Championships

Coleridge, (david) Hartley

Heilbronn

Ahankara

Aethelfrith

Fargo

Radha

Macdonough, Thomas

China, Internal migration

Romanus

Rose Of Lima, Saint

Turing, Alan M.

Oberhausen

Boise State University

Mauritania, Climate

Ma-an-shan

Ibrahim

Benda, Frantiek

Earth, Magnetohydrodynamic wavesmagnetic pulsations

Biblical Literature, The DouaiReims Bible

World War Ii, The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 194245